The Awareness of Inequalities measure is one of ten total scales in the Agency, Resources, and Institutional Structures for Sanitation-related Empowerment (ARISE) Scales. The measure is intended to capture women's understanding or awareness of inequalities in sanitation-related decision-making and needs.
Geographies Tested: India,Uganda
Populations Included: Female
Age Range: Adults
1. Women have problems that men do not have when accessing or using a sanitation location.
2. It is unfair when women have problems accessing or using a sanitation location but men do not have those problems.
3. Women typically have to delay going to a sanitation location more often than men because of their responsibilities.
4. Women are less involved than men in making decisions about sanitation in the community.
5. It is fair for men to have the final say when making sanitation-related decisions in the household.
6. It is fair for men to have the final say when making sanitation-related decisions for the community.
Response Options:
Strongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Items in the scale are summed. A weighted score is not necessary.
Sinharoy, S. S., McManus, S., Conrad, A., Patrick, M., & Caruso, B. A. (2023). The Agency, Resources, and Institutional Structures for Sanitation-related Empowerment (ARISE) Scales: Development and validation of measures of women's empowerment in urban sanitation for low- and middle-income countries. World Development, 164, 106183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2023.106183
Psychometric Score
Ease of Use Score
Formative ResearchQualitative Research
Existing Literature/Theoretical Framework
Field Expert Input
Cognitive Interviews / Pilot Testing
ReliabilityInternal
Test-retest
Interrater
ValidityContent
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Criterion (gold-standard)
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KEY
Ease of UseReadability
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Evidence-based Measures of Empowerment for Research on Gender Equality (EMERGE)
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