Preference-aligned Fertility Management (PFM) Index

The Preference-aligned Fertility Management (PFM) Index is a 3-item person-centered and rights-based measure to assess the degree to which individuals act in line with their own preferences for fertility management. The PFM Index captures (1) whether an individual’s desire to use or not use contraception is met and (2) for contraceptive users, whether the individual wants to be using the specific method(s) they are using.

Short Measure Multi-Country

Scoring Procedures

Indicator 1: Participants were classified as practicing PFM is their answers to Items 1 and 2 were aligned. Indicator 2: Participants were classified as practicing PFM if they were using the contraceptive method they desired(Item 3). Composite contraception-focused PFM Index: Participants were considered practicing PFM on both indicators as practicing PFM overall. Each indicator comprising the index can also stand alone.

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Original Citation

Holt, K., Gomez, R., Amongin, D., Omoluabi, E., Chung, S., Birabwa, C., Dimowo, S., Challa, S., Waiswa, P., Idiodi, I., Phillips, B., Nanono, S., Jegede, A., Liu, J., Wasswa, R., Nmadu, G., Okoli, C., Tijani, A., & Galavotti, C. (2025). Validation of the contraception-focused Preference-aligned Fertility Management Index in Uganda and Nigeria. Contraception, 144, 110813. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2025.110813