Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) is a 20-item mood scale consisting of 10 items for both positive and negative affect. Respondents indicate how often they exhibit each characteristic at various time intervals.
The Affective and Cognitive Measure of Empathy (ACME) measure is a 36 item measure of empathy that intends to predict outcomes such as aggressive behavior and externalizing psychopathology. The ACME contains three subscales: Cognitive Empathy, Affect Resonance and Affective Dissonance.
The Climate Change Worry Scale (CCWS) is a 10 item measure that is intended to capture respondents' psychological responses, such as fear, anxiety, depression, and trauma, associated with climate change.
The Transgender Congruence Scale (TCS) includes 12 items that capture the degree to which a transgender individual feels comfortable and genuine about their gender identity and appearance. There are two subscales of TCS: Appearance Congruence and Gender Identity Acceptance.
The Dispositional Positive Emotion Scales (DPES) questionnaire is a 38-item, self-report instrument with seven 5- or 6-item subscales: joy, contentment, pride, love, compassion, amusement, and awe. Respondents are asked how much they identify with each of the items within each subscale (or emotions).
The State Self-Esteem Scale (SSES) is a 20 item measure that captures social, performance, and appearance related self-esteem. SSES was validated in 5 studies to examine the measure's ability to capture self-esteem changes in classroom, laboratory, and clinical therapy settings.
Revised Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS-R) is a multi-item measure of parental reports of childhood behavior problems, covering seven dimensions: Cognitive Problems, Oppositional, Hyperactivity-Impulsivity, Anxious-Shy, Perfectionism, Social Problems, and Psychosomatic.
Big Five Inventory-2-Short Form(BFI-2-S) is a 30-item, short form of the Big Five Inventory-2. This measure assesses the Big Five personality domains and 15 more specific facet traits.
Big Five Inventory-2-Extra Short Form(BFI-2-XS) is a 15-item, extra short form of the Big Five Inventory-2. This measure assesses the Big Five personality domains.
Big Five Inventory-2 is a 60-item measure of personality structure and psychological assessment.
General Life Happiness is a single-item measure of whether a person is happy or unhappy in life in general.
The Empathy Components Questionnaire (ECQ) is a 28-item measure of cognitive and affective empathy, with five components: cognitive ability, cognitive drive, affective ability, affective drive, and a fifth factor assessing affective reactivity.
The Health Worker Motivation Index is a 23-item measure assessing motivation of health workers, which affects the success of an intervention. The scale measures three latent factors including organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and conscientiousness.
The Gender Identity/Gender Dysphoria Questionnaire for is a 27 item measure to assess gender identity (gender dysphoria) dimensionally, among adolescents and adults. The measure has a version for both sexes, 27 items each.
Unwanted Sex is a 7-item measure of respondents' participation in unwanted, but consenual, sexual interactions.
Relationship Investment is a 12-item measure of respondents' commitment to the long-term future of one's primary sexual relationship.
Need for Relationship is a 3-item measure of respondents' perceived emotional need for an intimate relationship.
The Healthy Pregnancy Stress Scale is an 18-item measure that assesses the type of stressors associated with pregnancy stress for specifically low-income African American women. This scale includes different types of stressful circumstances such as being unemployed, being unable to meet work-related demands, an unstable home environment, and an unsupportive partner.
Perceived Benefit of Personality Traits is an 8-item measure of the relative advantage of men possessing certain traits when interacting with women.
Self-Honor Scale is a 13-item measure of the self-reported agreement with the justification of the use of physical or verbal tactics to defend their own or others' honor.
The Man Box is a 15-item self-report measure of an individual man's gender normative attitudes, separated into 7 pillars: Self-Sufficiency, Acting Tough, Physical Attractiveness, Rigid Masculine Gender Roles, Heterosexuality and Homophobia, Hypersexuality, and Aggression and Control. The measure captures whether the respondent strongly internalizes societal masculine norms ("inside the Man Box") or internalizes more equitable gender attitudes ("outside the Man Box").
Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) is a 5-item measure of respondents' COVID-19 related anxiety in the form of physical and psychological symptoms.
Brief Resilient Coping Scale: COVID-19 is a 5-item measure of coping mechanisms employed by individuals in difficult situations in their life, such as look for creative ways to address issues, and believing they can control their reaction to the situation.
The Worry About Sexual Outcomes (WASO) Scale is a 10-item measure to understand sexual risk among adolescents, comprising the sub-scales of STI/HIV worry and pregnancy worry.
The Judgmental Self-Doubt Scale (JSDS) is a 19-item self-report measure of the extent to which a person believes that he or she is deficient in the ability to make accurate judgments or correct decisions.
The Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES) is an 18-item measure of the psychological dimension of lack of motivation. The measure quantifies and characterizes apathy in adult patients, treating apathy as a psychological dimension that may be evaluated in patients whose apathy characterizes their overall clinical state, and those in whom it is a symptom of some other syndrome, such as delirium, dementia, or depression.
The Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) is a 6-item, self-reported measure of an individual's ability to bounce back or recover from stress. The items assess an individual’s ability to bounce back quickly after a stressful event or life’s set-backs.
The Neighborhood Quality Index is a 15-item measure that ask respondents questions about the objective and subjective character of their neighborhood/neighbors. Items capture three domains: 1. Perceived social capital (, neighbors are willing to help each other in times of need); 2. Perceived security (, the neighborhood is safe); 3. Adequacy of services and facilities (, lighting, transportation, and public facilities).
The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) is a 5-item measure of an individual's own judgement of their overall life satisfaction. The scale is designed to be used as a global measure of subjective well-being across different age groups.
The Subjective Happiness Scale is a 4-item self-report measure of individual subjective happiness. The items ask respondents about the extent to which they perceive themselves to be happy, in absolute terms, as well as relative to their peers.
The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) is a 14-item measure of the degree to which situations in one's life are appraised as stressful. The items tap the degree to which respondents find their lives unpredictable, uncontrollable, and overwhelming.
Attitude Toward Student Debt is a 20-item measure of individual attitudes toward the value of educational loans. Aspects captured by the scale include perceived potential for future employment or stress caused by incurred debt. This measure was used to study gender differences in personal finance concepts for two groups of university students.
The Perceived Stigma Scale is a 7-item measure of experiences of internalized homophobia. Perceived stigma refers to beliefs or awareness that others are engaged in heterosexist acts or hold heterosexist belief systems; however, being aware of the stigma does not necessarily reflect an individual’s personal beliefs.
The Motivation at Work Scale is a 12-item measure of four key domains of motivation at work: external regulation, introjection, identification, and intrinsic motivation.
The Color-Blind Racial Attitudes Scale (CoBRAS) is a 20-item measure of the cognitive aspects of color-blind racial attitude, which is defined as “the belief that race should not and does not matter”. The scale includes aspects related to unawareness of racial privilege, institutional discrimination, and blatant racial issues.
The Scale of Protective Factors (SPF) is a 24-item measure of specific social and cognitive protective factors that impact the resiliency individuals who have experienced assault. It assesses four sub-scales of protective factors conferring resilience, including social support, social skills, planning and prioritizing behavior, and goal efficacy.
The Optimism measure is part of a larger Optimism/Pessimism Scale which is a self-administered 56-item instrument, 18 items worded in an optimistic direction (the optimism scale) and 18 in a pessimistic direction (the pessimism scale). The remaining items constituted filler intended to mask the intent of the measurement. Statements in the pool of items are varied, with the intent to address optimism and pessimism in three domains: (1) optimism/pessimism as it relates to 18 personal life experiences; (2) optimism/pessimism in regard to the plight of people and the world in general; and (3) optimism/pessimism as it is reflected in the individual’s perceptual/defensive style. The larger Optimism/Pessimism Scale can be found here.
The Pessimism measure is part of a larger Optimism/Pessimism Scale which is a self-administered 56-item instrument, 18 items worded in an optimistic direction (the optimism scale) and 18 in a pessimistic direction (the pessimism scale). The remaining items constituted filler intended to mask the intent of the measurement. Statements in the pool of items are varied, with the intent to address optimism and pessimism in three domains: (1) optimism/pessimism as it relates to 18 personal life experiences; (2) optimism/pessimism in regard to the plight of people and the world in general; and (3) optimism/pessimism as it is reflected in the individual’s perceptual/defensive style. The larger Optimism/Pessimism Scale can be found here.
The Living Standards Measurement Survey – Tanzania: Subjective Welfare and Crime uses 8 items from the 2014-2015 Tanzania National Panel Survey, which is a nationally representative, multi-dimensional survey conducted across Tanzania to monitor poverty dynamics and study welfare transitions. This measure captures information on self-reported satisfaction with various components of life, including crime and safety. Navigational aspects ( skip-out patterns and next question sequences) have not been included on this page but can be viewed on the original questionnaire located here.
The Internet Addiction Test-Adolescence (IAT-A) is a 20-item instrument to measure how internet use affects adolescents and pre-teens in terms of their daily routine, social life, productivity, sleeping patterns, and feelings. The wording of this measure has been modified from the original IAT (Young, 1998) to be more relevant to a younger population.
The Problematic Internet Entertainment Use Scale for Adolescents (PIEUSA) measures the extent of problematic online entertainment usage among young people. Internet entertainment forms of focus in this scale are Online Video Games (OVG) and Social Networking Sites (SNS).
The Cyberstalking Scale is a 10-item measure of cyberstalking, which includes using social networks and other virtual environments to gather information about someone, sending unsolicited messages frequently, electronic sabotage (sending viruses or hacking accounts), pretending to be someone else, posting false information, and getting other users to contribute to one's persecution, even if indirectly.
The Optimism/Pessimism Scale is a 56-item self-administered instrument, 18 items worded in an optimistic direction (the optimism scale) and 18 in a pessimistic direction (the pessimism scale). The remaining items constitute filler, intended to mask the intent of the measurement. Statements in the pool of items are varied, with the intent to address optimism and pessimism in three domains: (1) optimism/pessimism as it relates to 18 personal life experiences; (2) optimism/pessimism in regard to the plight of people and the world in general; and (3) optimism/pessimism as it is reflected in the individual’s perceptual/defensive style.
The Anticipated Stigma Index is a 5-item tool to measure expectation of discrimination from others among young females. The items are related to fear, worry and embarrassment when accessing family planning (FP) services. The measure was originally tested among young married females in rural Ethiopia to improve youth friendly services.
Menstrual Health Instrument (MHI) is a 29-item scale to holistically measure the physical and emotional menstrual health of adolescents. Items cover five sub-scales, including affective symptoms, somatic symptoms and school life, daily habits for menstrual health, menstrual cycle characteristics and attitudes and perceptions on menstruation.
The Toronto Empathy Questionnaire is a 16-item measure of empathy, that assesses an individual’s ability to understand and respond adaptively to others’ emotions, succeed in emotional communication, and promote pro-social behavior.
The Basic Empathy Scale is a 20-item measure of basic empathy, assessing four emotions: fear, sadness, anger, and happiness.
The Internalized Homophobia Scale is an 8-item measure of experiences of internalized homophobia. Internalized homophobia refers to beliefs that oneself deserves or should be stigmatized for being a sexual minority.
Widowhood Resilience Scale (WRS) is a 25-item measure of the attributes of resilience that impact positive adaptation after conjugal loss. This scale covers 6 domains of resilience: social support, integration, living in the present, helping others, outlook and agency.
Adversarial Sex Beliefs is a 9-item measure of beliefs and attitudes around gender roles in the United States. The measure is part of a sub-set of measures to capture the attitudinal aspects of relational interactions.
Power and Control Scale is a 9-item measure in the US adapted from the Hamby Dominance scale (1996) to understand propensity to dominate and control one's partner. The measure is part of a sub-set of measures to capture the behavioral aspects of relational interactions.
Ineffective Arguing Scale is an 8-item measure in the US adapted from the Destructive Arguing scale (Kurdek, 1994). The measure is part of a sub-set of measures to capture the behavioral aspects of relational interactions.
Perceived Self-Control is a 6-item measure tested in the US to capture propensity for violent behavior and to be situationally violent with one's partner. The measure is part of a sub-set of measures to capture the behavioral aspects of relational interactions.
Anger Scale is a 6-item measure adapted from the Aggression Questionnaire (Buss & Perry, 1992) tested in the US. The measure is part of a sub-set of measures to capture the behavioral aspects of relational interactions.
Sex Role Hostility is a 10-item measure of hostile beliefs and attitudes around gender roles in the United States. The measure is part of a sub-set of measures to capture the attitudinal aspects of relational interactions.
The Infertility Self-Efficacy Scale (ISE) is a 16-item measure to capture perceived self-efficacy for coping with a diagnosis and treatment for infertility. It assesses a patient’s confidence levels on aspects of cognitive, emotional and behavioral skills related to infertility and its medical treatment. The ISE Scale demonstrated a single component structure and may help inform psychological outcomes of clinical interventions for individuals and couples navigating the medical experience of infertility.
The Financial Self-Efficacy Scale (FSES) captures an individual's self-confidence, optimism, and belief-systems, as related to their financial planning and practices. The FSES includes items adapted from Schwarzer and Jerusalem's (1995) General Self-Efficacy Scale.
The Dimensions of Abortion Decision Difficulty (DADD) Scale is a 12-item measure that captures the ease or difficulty with which women decide to have an abortion. The DADD scale includes these four dimensions: (1) unrealistic fears about the abortion and fantasies about the pregnancy; (2) decision conflict; (3) negative abortion attitudes; and (4) general indecisiveness.
Afterschool Connectedness is an 8-item subscale of the Collective Efficacy Among Children Scale (CE-ACS). This measure is used to evaluate the degree to which elementary school children participating in an afterschool program feel safe and close to program staff and other children (social cohesion). The full CE-ACS also includes a second subscale, “Willingness to Intervene,” which is used to assess informal social control and can be found here.
Individual-Level Abortion Stigma (ILAS)-Nigeria is a 16-item measure of individual stigma among women who have previously had an abortion. The data is collected with an interviewer-administered questionnaire adapted from the ILAS Scale previously validated in the United States. Different aspects of stigma among women seeking elective abortion captured by the scale include judgement, shame, disappointment, support systems, and guilt.
The Psychological Vulnerability Scale (PVS) is a 6-item measure designed to identify individuals with cognitive patterns that render them more susceptible to stress. Items assessed by this scale capture the dependence on achievement or external sources of affirmation for one’s sense of self-worth.
Dispositional Resilience Scale (DRS-15) is a 15-item measure of psychological hardiness, covering aspects related to commitment, control, and challenge.
The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D Scale) is a 20-item self-report scale developed for measuring depressive symptomatology in the general population. The items of the scale are symptoms associated with depression which have been used in previously validated longer scales.
Leadership Sexism is a 12-item measure that captures gender stereotypes and bias in terms of men and women's characteristics on traits according to which citizens evaluate political leaders. Respondents are asked whether most men and most women demonstrate 6 different character traits that determine broader leadership ability.
The Coping Strategy Indicator (CSI) is a 33-item scale that captures how individuals respond to stress. CSI includes 3 sub-scales: 1) Problem-Solving, 2) Seeking Social Support, and 3) Avoidance.
Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) is a 10-item measure of one's acceptance, favorable opinions and respect of their own body. This scale is an adaptation of the original 13-item Body Acceptance Scale (BAS) developed in 2005.
The Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE) is a 31-item measure intended to capture various aspects of empathy. The items of the QCAE originate from the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, Impulsiveness Venturesomeness Empathy Inventory, Empathy Quotient, and Hogan Empathy Scale. The measure includes two subscales: Cognitive Empathy and Affective Empathy, which are broken up into smaller subscales.
Utrecht Gender Dysphoria Scale – Gender Spectrum (UGDS-GS) is an 18-item scale that measures that dissatisfaction with gender identity and expression over time as well as comfort with affirmed gender identity. It is a a gender-neutral, single-version adaptation of the original UGDS.
The Brief Interpersonal Reactivity Index (B-IRI) is a 16-item adaptation of the 28-item Interpersonal Reactivity Index (Davis, 1980) that assesses an individual's disposition to empathic responsiveness to others. The brief measure contains four subscales: fantasy, empathic concern, perspective taking and personal distress.
The Judgmental Self-Doubt Scale (JSDS) is a 19-item scale that is an individual difference measure of generalized mistrust of one’s judgment.
The Empathy Quotient (EQ) is a 60-item self-report questionnaire, to measure empathy among adults of "normal" intelligence. It contains 40 empathy items and 20 filler/control items.
The Emotion Specific Empathy (ESE) questionnaire is a 60-item measure that is intended to assess affective and cognitive empathy for six basic emotions - anger, disgust, fear, sadness, happiness and fear. The Surprise Cognitive Empathy sub-scale is one of 12 sub-scales of five items each and assesses the extent to which one can cognitively take another person’s perspective and understand why that person is surprised. The other sub-scales can be found on EMERGE. Please refer to the paper for the order of questions when administering the entire measure.
The Empathy Assessment Index (EAI) is a 17-item measure of empathy, rooted in a social cognitive neuroscience conceptualization. The index contains items across 5 components: affective response, self–other awareness, perspective taking, emotion regulation, and empathic attitudes.
The Self-Stigma of Seeking Help (SSOSH) is a 10-item scale to measure the construct of self-stigma in the context of engaging in therapy.
Index of Empathy for Children and Adolescents is a 22-item tool designed to measure levels of empathy among younger people to use as a comparison to tools that measure the same construct among adults. Some of the items were adapted from an empathy scale by Mehrabian and Epstein (1972).
The State Self-Compassion Scale-Long form (SSCS-L) is an 18 item scale that measures six components of self-compassion when individuals are faced with painful or difficult situations. It is derived from the 26-item Self-Compassion Scale.
The State Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form (SSCS-S) is a 6 item scale that can be used as a measure of global state self-compassion when individuals are faced with painful or difficult situations. The SSCS-S is the shortened version of the State Self-Compassion Scale-Long Form.
Parenting Sense of Competency (PSOC) Scale is a 16-item measure of parental self-esteem in caring for their children. The scale contains two subscales: Satisfaction (parenting frustration, anxiety and motivation) and Efficacy (competence, problem-solving ability and capacity in parenting role).
The Questionnaire Measure of Empathic Tendency is a 33-item self-report scale designed to assess emotional empathy, an individual’s responsiveness to others’ emotional experiences. It includes items reflecting emotional contagion, sensitivity to others’ feelings, and sympathy. Responses are rated on a 9-point scale from −4 to +4, with a total score calculated after reverse scoring negatively worded items.
The Control in Dating Relationships Scale (CDRS) is a 12-item scale regarding the frequency of controlling behaviors experienced in adolescent dating relationships in the past 12 months. The scale contains 2 subscales, Isolation and Domination and can inform dating violence prevention programs among youth.
Evidence-based Measures of Empowerment for Research on Gender Equality (EMERGE)
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