The Demographic and Health Survey Phase 8 (DHS-8): Cause of Fistula includes 2 items from the Fistula Module assessing the cause of gynecologic fistula. Navigational aspects (i.e. skip-out patterns and next question sequences) have not been included on this page but can be viewed on both the original household questionnaire located here.
Geographies Tested: Afghanistan,Angola,Burkina Faso,Cambodia,Cameroon,Cote d'Ivoire,Ethiopia,Ghana,Guatemala,Guinea,Kenya,Madagascar,Mozambique,Myanmar (Burma),Nepal,Rwanda,Senegal,The Gambia,Zimbabwe
Populations Included: Female
Age Range: Adolescents, Adults
1. Did this problem [constant leakage of urine or stool from a woman’s vagina during the day and night] start after you delivered a baby or had a stillbirth?
Response Options:
After delivered baby
After had stillbirth
Neither
2. [If response from above = neither] What do you think caused this problem?
Response Options:
Pelvic surgery
Sexual assault
Other injury
Other (specify)
Don’t know
Not Applicable
Demographic and Health Surveys (2019). Demographic and Health Surveys: Fistula Module. https://dhsprogram.com/publications/publication-DHSQ8-DHS-Questionnaires-and-Manuals.cfm.
Psychometric Score
Ease of Use Score
Formative ResearchQualitative Research
Existing Literature/Theoretical Framework
Field Expert Input
Cognitive Interviews / Pilot Testing
ReliabilityInternal
Test-retest
Interrater
ValidityContent
Face
Criterion (gold-standard)
Construct
Ease of UseReadability
Scoring Clarity
Length
KEYEvidence-based Measures of Empowerment for Research on Gender Equality (EMERGE)
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