The Household Water Insecurity Experiences (HWISE) Scale is an 11-item measure to quantify the water insecurity faced at the household level in low and middle income countries.
Geographies Tested: Ghana
Populations Included: Female, Male
Age Range: Adults
In the last four weeks …
1. How frequently did you or anyone
in your household worry you
would not have enough water for
all of your household needs?
2. How frequently has your
household water supply from your
main water source been
interrupted?
3. How frequently has there not been
enough water in the household to
wash clothes?
4. How frequently have you or
anyone in your household had to
change schedules or plans due to
problems with your water
situation, such as problems
getting or distributing water
within the household? Activities
that may have been interrupted
include caring for others, doing
household chores, etc.
5. How frequently have you
or anyone in your household had
to change
what was being eaten because
there wasn’t
enough water (e.g., for washing
foods,
cooking, etc.)?
6. How frequently have you or
anyone in your household had to
go without washing hands after
dirty activities (e.g., defecating or
changing diapers, cleaning animal
dung) because of problems with
water?
7. How frequently have you or
anyone in your household had to
go without washing their body
because there wasn’t enough
water?
8. How frequently has there not been
as much water to drink as you
would like for you or anyone in
your household?
9. How frequently did you or anyone
in your household feel angry
about your water situation?
10. How frequently have you or
anyone in your household gone to
sleep thirsty?
11. How frequently has there been no
water whatsoever in your
household?
Response Options:
Never (0 times) - 0
Rarely (1–2 times) - 1
Sometimes (3–10 times) - 2
Often or always (11–20 times or more than 20 times) - 3
Item scores are summed to create the total measure score.
Sidote, M. N., Goodman, Z. T., Paraggio, C. L., Tutu, R. A., & Stoler, J. (2022). Measurement invariance of a household water insecurity metric in Greater Accra, Ghana: Implications for test-retest reliability. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 240, 113922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.113922
Psychometric Score
Ease of Use Score
Qualitative Research
Existing Literature/Theoretical Framework
Field Expert Input
Cognitive Interviews / Pilot Testing
Internal
Test-retest
Interrater
Content
Face
Criterion (gold-standard)
Construct
Readability
Scoring Clarity
Length
to get the latest updates on new measures and guidance for survey researchers