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G-NORM-Nepal

GNORM-Nepal is a 20-item adaptation of the G-NORM originally developed for use in India. This gender norm scale contains two sub-scales: Descriptive Norms and Injunctive Norms.

Categories

Geographies Tested: Nepal

Populations Included: Female

Age Range: Adults

Items:

Descriptive Norms
1. In most families you know women's parents pay a dowry when their daughter gets married.
2. In most families you know women obey their husbands in all matters.
3. In most families you know only men make decisions about household income and expenses.
4. In most families you know women ask permission from their husband or mother-in-law to leave the house.
5. In most families you know husbands make the decision about buying major household items.
6. In most families you know husbands make the final decision about when to have their first child.
7. In most families you know husbands make the final decision about the total number of children they want.
8. In most families you know men make decisions about whether or not their wife can use family planning methods.
9. In most families you know parents make the decision about who their daughter will marry.
10. In most families you know women eat whatever is left over after the rest of their family has finished eating.

Injunctive Norms
11. Most families you know believe that women's parents pay a dowry when their daughter gets married.
12. Most families you know believe that women should obey their husbands in all matters.
13. Most families you know believe that only men should be responsible for household income and expenses.
14. Most families you know believe that women should ask permission from her husband or mother-in-law to leave the house.
15. Most families you know believe that husbands should make the decision about buying major household items.
16. Most families you know believe that husbands should have the final say about when to start trying to have their first child.
17. Most families you know believe that husbands should make the final decision about the total number of children they want.
18. Most families you know believe that men should make the final decision about whether or not their wife uses family planning methods.
19. Most families you know believe that parents should decide who their daughter will marry.
20. Most families you know believe that women should eat whatever is left over after the rest of their family has eaten.

Response Options:
Strongly agree - 1
Disagree - 2
Neither agree or disagree - 3
Disagree - 4
Strongly agree - 5

Scoring Procedures

The item scores are reversed so that higher values indicate more gender equitable norms. Then, the mean score is calculated from the item scores of each sub-scale.

Original Citation

Sedlander, E., Dahal, M., Bingenheimer, J. B., Puri, M. C., Rimal, R. N., Granovsky, R., & Diamond-Smith, N. G. (2023). Adapting and validating the G-NORM (Gender Norms Scale) in Nepal: An examination of how gender norms are associated with agency and reproductive health outcomes. Studies in Family Planning. https://doi.org/10.1111/sifp.12231


Psychometric Score

Ease of Use Score

Scoring breakdown

Formative Research

Qualitative Research

Existing Literature/Theoretical Framework

Field Expert Input

Cognitive Interviews / Pilot Testing

Reliability

Internal

Test-retest

Interrater

Validity

Content

Face

Criterion (gold-standard)

Construct

KEY

Ease of Use

Readability

Scoring Clarity

Length

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