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Agency, Resources, and Institutional Structures for Sanitation-related Empowerment (ARISE): Relations

The Relations measure is one of ten total scales in the Agency, Resources, and Institutional Structures for Sanitation-related Empowerment (ARISE) Scales. The measure is intended to capture repercussions for speaking up about sanitation-related issues by local leaders, household members, or community members. Additionally, the measure captures familial support for community-level participation in sanitation initiatives and level of comfort reporting issues to service providers and community leaders.

Categories

Geographies Tested: India,Uganda

Populations Included: Female

Age Range: Adults

Items:

1. If I speak up about sanitation-related concerns or problems in my household, I may be scolded or punished.
2. If I speak up publicly about sanitation-related concerns or problems, I may be scolded or punished by members of my household.
3. If I speak up publicly about sanitation-related concerns or problems, I may be scolded or punished by members of this community.
4. If I speak up publicly about sanitation-related concerns or problems, I may be scolded or punished by local leaders or authorities.
5. My family would encourage or help me attend a sanitation-related meeting if I wanted to go.
6. My family would encourage or help me to organize an initiative to improve sanitation.
7. My family would encourage or help me to participate in a community initiative to improve sanitation.
8. My family would encourage or help me to take on a leadership role in a sanitation-focused committee or organization.
9. My interactions with local leaders or authorities about sanitation-related issues are generally free of conflict.
10. When a sanitation-related problem arises in my community, I feel comfortable reporting the problem to a local leader or authority.
11. When a sanitation-related problem arises, I feel comfortable reporting the problem to a service provider.

Response Options:
Strongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly disagree

Scoring Procedures

Items in the scale are summed. A weighted score is not necessary.

Original Citation

Sinharoy, S. S., McManus, S., Conrad, A., Patrick, M., & Caruso, B. A. (2023). The Agency, Resources, and Institutional Structures for Sanitation-related Empowerment (ARISE) Scales: Development and validation of measures of women's empowerment in urban sanitation for low- and middle-income countries. World Development, 164, 106183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2023.106183


Psychometric Score

Ease of Use Score

Scoring breakdown

Formative Research

Qualitative Research

Existing Literature/Theoretical Framework

Field Expert Input

Cognitive Interviews / Pilot Testing

Reliability

Internal

Test-retest

Interrater

Validity

Content

Face

Criterion (gold-standard)

Construct

KEY

Ease of Use

Readability

Scoring Clarity

Length

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