The Freedom of Movement measure is one of ten total scales in the Agency, Resources, and Institutional Structures for Sanitation-related Empowerment (ARISE) Scales. The measure is intended to capture one's ability to attend sanitation events, such as community meetings, and travel to a sanitation location.
Geographies Tested: India,Uganda
Populations Included: Female
Age Range: Adults
1. If I need to use a sanitation location when at home during the day, I can go:
2. If I need to use a sanitation location when away from home during the day, I can go:
3. If I need to use a sanitation location at night, I can go to my household’s daytime sanitation location, I can go:
4. If I wanted to go a sanitation-focused public gathering, community meeting, or training outside of my neighborhood, I could go:
5. If I wanted to go a sanitation-focused public gathering, community meeting, or training near my home, I could go:
Response Options:
Alone without telling anyone
Alone if I tell someone.
Alone with permission
Only with accompaniment
Not at all
Items in the scale are summed. A weighted score is not necessary.
Sinharoy, S. S., McManus, S., Conrad, A., Patrick, M., & Caruso, B. A. (2023). The Agency, Resources, and Institutional Structures for Sanitation-related Empowerment (ARISE) Scales: Development and validation of measures of women's empowerment in urban sanitation for low- and middle-income countries. World Development, 164, 106183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2023.106183
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Evidence-based Measures of Empowerment for Research on Gender Equality (EMERGE)
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