The Self-Efficacy measure is one of ten total scales in the Agency, Resources, and Institutional Structures for Sanitation-related Empowerment (ARISE) Scales. This measure is intended to capture women's ability to create change related to sanitation in the community and at home.
Geographies Tested: India,Uganda
Populations Included: Female
Age Range: Adults
1. I feel I can change sanitation conditions in my community if I want to.
2. I feel like I can influence sanitation behaviors of others in my community, such as encouraging proper latrine use and maintenance, proper disposal of sanitation napkins, etc.
3. I feel I can change sanitation conditions in my household or compound if I want to.
4. I feel like I can influence sanitation behaviors of members of my household.
5. If I had a problem related to sanitation, I could probably think of a solution.
6. If I had a problem related to sanitation, I believe I could solve it.
Response Options:
Strongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Items in the scale are summed. A weighted score is not necessary.
Sinharoy, S. S., McManus, S., Conrad, A., Patrick, M., & Caruso, B. A. (2023). The Agency, Resources, and Institutional Structures for Sanitation-related Empowerment (ARISE) Scales: Development and validation of measures of women's empowerment in urban sanitation for low- and middle-income countries. World Development, 164, 106183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2023.106183
Psychometric Score
Ease of Use Score
Formative ResearchQualitative Research
Existing Literature/Theoretical Framework
Field Expert Input
Cognitive Interviews / Pilot Testing
ReliabilityInternal
Test-retest
Interrater
ValidityContent
Face
Criterion (gold-standard)
Construct
KEY
Ease of UseReadability
Scoring Clarity
Length
Evidence-based Measures of Empowerment for Research on Gender Equality (EMERGE)
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