Multidimensional Aversion to Women Who Work Scale (MAWWWS) is a 10-item measure of employment-related gender attitudes regarding women's role in the workplace. Items cover two subscales: employment skepticism and traditional role preference.
Geographies Tested: United States of America
Populations Included: Female, Male
Age Range: Adults
Employment Skepticism
1. Women lack the skills and abilities needed at work.
2. Women are not suited for work outside of the home.
3. I am skeptical about women's effectiveness in the workplace.
4. Women's personal characteristics make life at work difficult.
5. Women frequently find the demands of work difficult.
Traditional Roles Preference
6. Traditional husband/wife roles are best.
7. Women are happier in traditional roles.
8. A woman's place is in the home.
9. An employed wife leads to juvenile delinquency.
10. Women with families do not have time for other employment.
Response Options:
Strongly agree - 1
Disagree - 2
Agree - 3
Strongly agree - 4
Item scores are averaged to create the total score from 1-4. Higher scores imply more traditional gender attitudes.
Valentine, S. (2001). Development of a brief Multidimensional Aversion to Women Who Work Scale. Sex Roles, 44(11/12), 773-787. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012206632272
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Evidence-based Measures of Empowerment for Research on Gender Equality (EMERGE)
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