Workplace Sexual Harassment (WSH) is an 18-item measure of attitudes toward disclosure of WSH among nurses in Iran.
Geographies Tested: Iran
Populations Included: Female, Male
Age Range: Adults
1. The fear of embarrassment reduces the motivation to disclose WSH.
2. Disclosing WSH leads victims to be stigmatized and marginalized.
3. WSH disclosure can damage victims’ reputation and self-esteem.
4. Disclosing WSH undermines professional integrity and reputation.
5. The threat of family blame and punishment discourages WSH disclosure.
6. Disclosing WSH can lead to spousal distrust and relationship breakdown.
7. If harassers hold a higher job position, disclosing and proving WSH becomes difficult.
8. The fear of losing a job reduces the motivation to disclose WSH.
9. Harassers can be exonerated if they have connections.
10. Some authorities exonerate harassers based solely on their outward behavior, appearance, and reasonable attire.
11. Some authorities neglect WSH complaints to avoid challenges and trouble.
12. Victimized women are blamed due to their unconventional clothing and makeup.
13. It is better to remain silent about WSH because victims may be blamed.
14. Walking away from harassers puts an end to WSH and there is no need to disclose.
15. To avoid continued WSH, it is better to change hospitals, departments, or shifts
instead of disclosing it.
16. People who witness WSH have a moral obligation to report it.*
17. Reporting WSH is an effective way to combat the issue.*
18. Disclosing WSH provides a sense of relief and tranquility for victims.*
Response Options:
Strongly agree - 1
Agree - 2
No opinion - 3
Disagree - 4
Strongly disagree - 5
*Items are reverse scored
All item scores are summed to calculate the total scale score, ranging from 18 to 90 Higher scores indicate more positive attitudes toward disclosure of NAWSHD-S.
Behzadi Fard, S., Baneshi, M. R., Razban, F., & Dehghan, M. (2025). The scale of attitudes toward workplace sexual harassment disclosure: development and validation among Iranian nurses. BMC Nursing, 24(1), 314. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-02952-x
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