GNORM-Nepal is a 20-item adaptation of the G-NORM originally developed for use in India and also in Nepal. This gender norm scale contains two sub-scales: Descriptive Norms and Injunctive Norms.
Geographies Tested: Uganda
Populations Included: Female
Age Range: Adolescents, Adults
Descriptive norms:"In most families you know..."
1. If a woman earns money, it will cause problems in her marriage.
2. Only men make decisions about household income and expenses.
3. Husbands make the final decision about how many children to have.
4. Men make the final decision about their wife (or partner) using family planning methods.
5. If a woman disobeys her husband, she is sent back to her parents (or sent away).
6. Only women do the cooking, cleaning, and caring of children.
7. Women stop working when they get married.
8. Girls stop going to school if they get pregnant.
9. Husbands make the final decision about buying major household items (e.g., television, bicycle, cell phone).
10. There is only enough money for one cell phone for the household, the husband owns it.
Injunctive norms:"Most families you know believe that..."
11. A woman should not work outside the home to keep peace in her marriage.
12. Only men should make decisions about income and expenses.
13. Husbands should make the final decision about how many children to have.
14. Men should make the final decision about their wife using family planning.
15. If a woman disobeys her husband, she should be sent back to her parents (or
sent away).
16. Only women should do the cooking, cleaning, and caring of children.
17. Women should stop working when they get married.
18. Girls should stop going to school if they get pregnant.
19. Husbands should make the final decisions about buying major household items
(e.g., television, bicycle, cell phone).
20. If there is only enough money for one cell phone for the household, the
husband should own it.
Response Options:
Strongly disagree - 1
Disagree - 2
Agree - 3
Strongly agree - 4
The item scores are reversed so that higher values indicate more gender equitable norms. Then, the mean score is calculated from the item scores of each sub-scale.
Sedlander, E., Granovsky, R., Birabwa, C., Amongin, D., Wasswa, R., Diamond-Smith, N., Waiswa, P., Holt, K., & Bingenheimer, J. B. (2024). Adaptation of the G-NORM (Gender norms scale) in Uganda: An examination of how gender norms are associated with reproductive health decision-making. PLoS One, 19(11), e0308249. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0308249
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